Editor’s Note:
In June, readers were invited to share their most pressing questions about homelessness. One common question stood out: How many of Portland’s homeless population came from outside the city—and why? This report explores that question using the most reliable data currently available.
A Growing Crisis
According to the latest estimates, more than 14,000 people are experiencing homelessness in Multnomah County. The number has alarmed both residents and city officials, sparking widespread debate and curiosity about the origins of this population. Many locals have written to The Oregonian/OregonLive asking, “Where are they all from?”
Most Are Local Residents
Contrary to a common assumption, the majority of Portland’s homeless population did not migrate from other states or cities. Data from county surveys shows that around three-quarters of people experiencing homelessness last had stable housing within the Portland metro area.
Many of them grew up, worked, or went to school in Oregon before losing their housing due to rising rent costs, job loss, or health issues.
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Why Some Come from Elsewhere
A smaller portion—roughly 20 to 25 percent—moved to Portland from other parts of Oregon or the U.S. People cite several reasons for relocating, including family connections, job opportunities, or access to social services. Others come seeking Portland’s relatively milder climate and its reputation for being more compassionate toward people without housing.
However, outreach workers note that most people who arrive from outside the city often have some previous connection to the area, such as relatives or prior residence.
Economic and Housing Pressures
Experts emphasize that the issue is not about migration but about affordability. Portland’s soaring rents, limited affordable housing, and stagnant wages have pushed thousands into homelessness. Even long-term residents find it difficult to stay housed as the cost of living rises faster than income.
A Local Problem with Regional Roots
While homelessness is often viewed as a problem imported from elsewhere, data shows it is primarily a homegrown crisis. The vast majority of people on Portland’s streets once called the city—or somewhere nearby—home.
As officials continue to debate solutions, one fact remains clear: tackling homelessness in Portland means addressing the economic, housing, and mental health challenges affecting local residents first.
